What describes conduction heat?

Conduction heat refers to the process of heat transfer that occurs primarily through direct contact between materials, where heat energy is transferred without the movement of the molecules themselves. In this process, when one molecule in a material is heated, it starts to vibrate and this vibration is passed on to the adjacent molecules. This continues through the substance until the heat has spread throughout. This mechanism is particularly effective in solids, where the molecules are closely packed, making it easier for the vibrational energy to transfer from one molecule to the next.

In contrast, other forms of heat transfer, such as convection, involve the movement of fluid molecules driven by temperature differences (which is described in option B), and radiation involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium for the heat to travel through (as seen in option C and D). Thus, the defined characteristics of conduction heat make it distinct from these other modes of heat transfer.